A

design basis

設計依據(jù)

計劃建議書planning proposals
設計任務書design order
標準規(guī)范standards and codes
條件圖information drawing

設計基礎資料basic data for design
工藝流程圖process flowchart
工程地質(zhì)資料engineering geological data
原始資料original data
設計進度schedule of design

B

stage of design

設計階段

方案scheme, draft
草圖sketch
會談紀要summary of discussion
談判negotiation
可行性研究feasibility study
初步設計preliminary design
基礎設計basic design
詳細設計detail design
詢價圖enquiry drawing
施工圖working drawing, construction drawing
竣工圖as built drawing

C

climate condition

氣象條件

日照sunshine
風玫瑰wind rose
主導風向prevailing wind direction
最大(平均)風速maximum (mean) wind velocity
風荷載wind load
最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall
雷擊及閃電thunder and lightning
颶風hurricane
臺風typhoon
旋風cyclone
降雨強度rainfall intensity
年降雨量annual rainfall
濕球溫度wet bulb temperature
干球溫度dry bulb temperature
冰凍期frost period
冰凍線frost line
冰凍區(qū)frost zone
室外計算溫度calculating outdoor temperature
采暖地區(qū)region with heating provision
不采暖地區(qū)region without heating provision
絕對大氣壓absolute atmospheric pressure
相對濕度relative humidity

D

general room name

常用房間名稱

辦公室office
服務用房service room
換班室shift room
休息室rest room (break room)
起居室living room
浴室bathroom
淋浴間shower
更衣室locker room
廁所lavatory
門廳lobby
診室clinic
工作間workshop
電氣開關室switchroom
走廊corridor
檔案室archive
電梯機房lift motor room
車庫garage
清潔間cleaning room
會議室(正式) conference room
會議室meeting room
衣柜間ward robe
暖風間h.v.a.c room
飯店restaurant
餐廳canteen, dining room
廚房kitchen
入口entrance
接待處reception area
會計室accountant room
秘書室secretary room
電氣室electrical room
控制室control room
工長室foreman office
開關柜室switch gear
前室antecabinet (ante.)
生產(chǎn)區(qū)production area
馬達控制中心mcc
多功能用房utility room
化驗室laboratory room
經(jīng)理室manager room
披屋(閣樓) penthouse
警衛(wèi)室guard house

E

roofing and ceiling

屋面及天棚

女兒墻parapet
雨蓬canopy
屋脊roof ridge
坡度slope
坡跨比pitch
分水線water-shed
二氈三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic
附加油氈一層extra ply of felt
檐口eave
挑檐overhanging eave
檐溝eave gutter
平屋面flat roof
坡屋面pitched roof
雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(r.w.p)
匯水面積catchment area
泛水flashing
內(nèi)排水interior drainage
外排水exterior drainage
滴水drip
屋面排水roof drainage
找平層leveling course
卷材屋面built-up roofing
天棚ceiling
檁條purlin
屋面板roofing board
天花板ceiling board
防水層water-proof course
檢查孔inspection hole
人孔manhole
吊頂suspended ceiling, false ceiling
檐板(窗簾盒) cornice

F

wall (cladding)

墻體

(外墻板)磚墻brick wall
砌塊墻block wall
清水磚墻brick wall without plastering
抹灰墻rendered wall
石膏板墻gypsum board, plaster board
空心磚墻hollow brick wall
承重墻bearing wall
非承重墻non-bearing wall
縱墻longitudinal wall
橫墻transverse wall
外墻external (exterior) wall
內(nèi)墻internal (interior) wall
填充墻filler wall
防火墻fire wall
窗間墻wall between window
空心墻cavity wall
壓頂coping
圈梁gird, girt, girth
玻璃隔斷glazed wall
防潮層damp-proof course (d.p.c)
遮陽板sunshade
陽臺balcony
伸縮縫expansion joint
沉降縫settlement joint
抗震縫seismic joint
復合夾心板sandwich board
壓型單板corrugated single steel plate
外墻板cladding panel
復合板composite panel
輕質(zhì)隔斷l(xiāng)ight-weight partition
牛腿bracket
磚煙囪brick chimney
勒腳(基座) plinth

G

floor and trench

地面及地溝

地坪grade
地面和樓面ground and floor
素土夯實rammed earth
爐渣夯實tamped cinder
填土filled earth
回填土夯實tamped backfill
墊層bedding course, blinding
面層covering, finish
結(jié)合層bonding (binding) course
找平層leveling course
素水泥漿結(jié)合層neat cement binding course
混凝土地面concrete floor
水泥地面cement floor
機器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor
水磨石地面terrazzo flooring
馬賽克地面mosaic flooring
瓷磚地面ceramic tile flooring
油地氈地面linoleum flooring
預制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring
硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring
擱柵joist
硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring
企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring
防酸地面acid-resistant floor
鋼筋混凝土樓板reinforced concrete slab (r.c slab)
乙烯基地面vinyl flooring
水磨石嵌條divider strip for terrazzo
地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope
集水溝gully
集水口gulley
排水溝drainage trench
溝蓋板trench cover
活動蓋板removable cover plate
集水坑sump pit
孔翻邊hole up stand
電纜溝cable trench

H

doors,glass,windows & ironmongery(hardware)
門、玻璃、窗及五金件

木(鋼)門wooden (steel) door
鑲板門panelled door
夾板門plywood door
鋁合金門aluminum alloy door
卷簾門roller shutter door
彈簧門swing door
推拉門sliding door
平開門side-hung door
折疊門folding door
旋轉(zhuǎn)門revolving door
玻璃門glazed door
密閉門air-tight door
保溫門thermal insulating door
鍍鋅鐵絲網(wǎng)門galvanized steel wire mesh door
防火門fire door
(大門上的)小門wicket
門框door frame
門扇door leaf
門洞door opening
結(jié)構(gòu)開洞structural opening
單扇門single door
雙扇門double door
疏散門emergency door
紗門screen door
門檻door sill
門過梁door lintel
上冒頭top rail
下冒頭bottom rail
門邊木stile
門樘側(cè)料side jumb
槽口notch
木窗wooden window
鋼窗steel window
鋁合金窗aluminum alloy window
百葉窗(通風為主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)
塑鋼窗plastic steel window
空腹鋼窗hollow steel window
固定窗fixed window
平開窗side-hung window
推拉窗sliding window
氣窗transom
上懸窗top-hung window
中懸窗center-pivoted window
下懸窗hopper window
活動百葉窗adjustable louver
天窗skylight
老虎窗dormer window
密封雙層玻璃sealed double glazing
鋼筋混凝土過梁reinforced concrete lintel
鋼筋磚過梁reinforced brick lintel
窗扇casement sash
窗臺window sill
窗臺板window board
窗中梃mullion
窗橫木mutin
窗邊木stile
壓縫條cover mould
窗簾盒curtain box
合頁(鉸鏈) hinge (butts)
轉(zhuǎn)軸pivot
長腳鉸鏈parliament hinge
閉門器door closer
地彈簧floor closer
插銷bolt
門鎖door lock
拉手pull
鏈條chain
門鉤door hanger
碰球ball latch
窗鉤window catch
暗插銷insert bolt
電動開關器electric opener
平板玻璃plate glass
夾絲玻璃wire glass
透明玻璃clear glass
毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)
防彈玻璃bullet-proof glass
石英玻璃quartz glass
吸熱玻璃heat absorbing glass
磨光玻璃polished glass
著色玻璃pigmented glass
玻璃瓦glass tile
玻璃磚glass block
有機玻璃organic glass

I

staircase, landing & lift (elevator)

樓梯、休息平臺及電梯

樓梯stair
樓梯間staircase
疏散梯emergency stair
旋轉(zhuǎn)梯spiral stair (circular stair)
吊車梯crane ladder
直爬梯vertical ladder
踏步step
扇形踏步winder (wheel step)
踏步板tread
檔步板riser
踏步寬度tread width
防滑條non-slip insert (strips)
欄桿railing (balustrade)
平臺欄桿platform railing
吊裝孔欄桿railing around mounting hole
扶手handrail
梯段高度height of flight
防護梯籠protecting cage (safety cage)
平臺landing (platform)
操作平臺operating platform
裝卸平臺platform for loading & unloading
樓梯平臺stair landing
客梯passenger lift
貨梯goods lift
客/貨兩用梯goods/passenger lift
液壓電梯hydraulic lift
自動扶梯escalator
觀光電梯observation elevator
電梯機房lift mortar room
電梯坑lift pit
電梯井道lift shaft

J

building material words and phrases

建筑材料詞匯及短語

bricks and tiles 磚和瓦
紅磚red brick
粘土磚clay brick
瓷磚glazed brick (ceramic tile)
防火磚fire brick
空心磚hollow brick
面磚facing brick
地板磚flooring tile
缸磚clinkery brick
馬賽克mosaic
陶?；炷羉eramsite concrete
琉璃瓦glazed tile
脊瓦ridge tile
石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)
波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet

lime, sand and stone 灰、砂和石
石膏gypsum
大理石marble
漢白玉white marble
花崗巖granite
碎石crushed stone
毛石rubble
蛭石vermiculite
珍珠巖pearlite
水磨石terrazzo
卵石cobble
礫石gravel
粗砂course sand
中砂medium sand
細砂fine sand

cement, mortar and concrete 水泥、砂漿和混凝土
波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥) portland cement
硅酸鹽水泥silicate cement
火山灰水泥pozzolana cement
白水泥white cement
水泥砂漿cement mortar
石灰砂漿lime mortar
水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿) cement-lime mortar
保溫砂漿thermal mortar
防水砂漿water-proof mortar
耐酸砂漿acid-resistant mortar
耐堿砂漿alkaline-resistant mortar
瀝青砂漿bituminous mortar
紙筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar
麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar
灰縫mortar joint
素混凝土plain concrete
鋼筋混凝土reinforced concrete
輕質(zhì)混凝土lightweight concrete
細石混凝土fine aggregate concrete
瀝青混凝土asphalt concrete
泡沫混凝土foamed concrete
爐渣混凝土cinder concrete

facing and plastering materials 飾面及粉刷材料
水刷石granitic plaster
斬假石artificial stone
刷漿lime wash
可賽銀casein
大白漿white wash
麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base
噴大白漿兩道sprayed twice with white wash
分格抹水泥砂漿cement mortar plaster sectioned
板條抹灰lath and plaster

asphalt(bitumen) and asbestos 瀝青和石棉
瀝青卷材asphalt felt
瀝青填料asphalt filler
瀝青膠泥asphalt grout
冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer
瀝青瑪啼脂asphaltic mastic
瀝青麻絲bitumastic oakum
石棉板asbestos sheet
石棉纖維asbestos fiber

timber 木材
裂縫crack
透裂split
環(huán)裂shake
干縮shrinkage
翹曲warping
原木log
圓木round timber
方木square timber
板材plank
木條batten
板條lath
木板board
紅松red pine
白松white pine
落葉松deciduous pine
云杉spruce
柏木cypress
白楊white poplar
樺木birch
冷杉fir
櫟木oak
榴木willow
榆木elm
杉木cedar
柚木teak
樟木camphor wood
防腐處理的木材preservative-treated lumber
膠合板plywood
三(五)合板3(5)-plywood
企口板tongued and grooved board
層夾板laminated plank
膠合層夾木材glue-laminated lumber
纖維板fiber-board
竹子bamboo

metallic materials 金屬材料
黑色金屬ferrous metal
圓鋼steelbbar
方鋼square steel
扁鋼steel strap,flat steel
型鋼steel section (shape)
槽鋼channel
角鋼angle steel
等邊角鋼equal-leg angle
不等邊角鋼unequal-leg angle
工字鋼i-beam
寬翼緣工字鋼wide flange i-beam
丁(之)字鋼t-bar (z-bar)
冷彎薄壁型鋼light gauge cold-formed steel shape
熱軋hot-rolled
冷軋cold-rolled
冷拉cold-drawn
冷壓cold-pressed
合金鋼alloy steel
鈦合金titanium alloy
不銹鋼stainless steel
竹節(jié)鋼筋corrugated steel bar
變形鋼筋deformed bar
光圓鋼筋plain round bar
鋼板steel plate
薄鋼板thin steel plate
低碳鋼low carbon steel
冷彎cold bending
鋼管steel pipe (tube)
無縫鋼管seamless steel pipe
焊接鋼管welded steel pipe
黑鐵管iron pipe
鍍鋅鋼管galvanized steel pipe
鑄鐵cast iron
生鐵pig iron
熟鐵wrought iron
鍍鋅鐵皮galvanized steel sheet
鍍鋅鐵絲galvanized steel wire
鋼絲網(wǎng)steel wire mesh
多孔金屬網(wǎng)expanded metal
錳鋼managanese steel
高強度合金鋼high strength alloy steel

non-ferrous metal 有色金屬
金gold
白金platinum
銅copper
黃銅brass
青銅bronze
銀silver
鋁aluminum
鉛lead

anti-corrosion materials 防腐蝕材料
聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene
尼龍nylon
聚氯乙烯pvc (polyvinyl chloride)
聚碳酸酯polycarbonate
聚苯乙烯polystyrene
丙烯酸樹酯acrylic resin
乙烯基酯vinyl ester
橡膠內(nèi)襯rubber lining
氯丁橡膠neoprene
瀝青漆bitumen paint
環(huán)氧樹脂漆epoxy resin paint
氧化鋅底漆zinc oxide primer
防銹漆anti-rust paint
耐酸漆acid-resistant paint
耐堿漆alkali-resistant paint
水玻璃sodium silicate
樹脂砂漿resin-bonded mortar
環(huán)氧樹脂epoxy resin

building hardware 建筑五金
釘子nails
螺紋屋面釘spiral-threaded roofing nail
環(huán)紋石膏板釘annular-ring gypsum board nail
螺絲screws
平頭螺絲flat-head screw
螺栓bolt
普通螺栓commercial bolt
高強螺栓high strength bolt
預埋螺栓insert bolt
脹錨螺栓cinch bolt
墊片washer

paint 油漆
底漆primer
防銹底漆rust-inhibitive primer
防腐漆anti-corrosion paint
調(diào)和漆mixed paint
無光漆flat paint
透明漆varnish
銀粉漆aluminum paint
磁漆enamel paint
干性油drying oil
稀釋劑thinner
焦油tar
瀝青漆asphalt paint
桐油tung oil, chinese wood oil
紅丹red lead
鉛油lead oil
膩子putty

K

other architectural terms

其它建筑術語

discipline 專業(yè)
建筑architecture

土木civil
給排水water supply and drainage
總圖plot plan
采暖通風h.v.a.c (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)
電力供應electric power supply
電氣照明electric lighting
電訊telecommunication
儀表instrument
熱力供應heat power supply
動力mechanical power
工藝process technology
管道piping

conventional terms 一般通用名詞
建筑原理architectonics
建筑形式architectural style
民用建筑civil architecture
城市建筑urban architecture
農(nóng)村建筑rural architecture
農(nóng)業(yè)建筑farm building
工業(yè)建筑industrial building
重工業(yè)的heavy industrial
輕工業(yè)的light industrial
古代建筑ancient architecture
現(xiàn)代建筑modern architecture
標準化建筑standardized buildings
附屬建筑auxiliary buildings
城市規(guī)劃city planning
廠區(qū)內(nèi)within site
廠區(qū)外offsite
封閉式closed type
開敞式open type
半開敞式semi-open type
模數(shù)制modular system
單位造價unit cost
概算preliminary estimate
承包商constructor, contractor
現(xiàn)場site
擴建extension
改建reconstruction
防火fire-prevention
防震aseismatic, quake-proof
防腐anti-corrosion
防潮dump-proof
防水water-proof
防塵dust-proof
防銹rust-proof
車流量traffic volume
貨流量freight traffic volume
人流量pedestrian volume
透視圖perspective drawing
建筑模型building model

architectural physics 建筑物理
照明illumination
照度degree of illumination
亮度brightness
日照sunshine
天然采光natural lighting
光強light intensity
側(cè)光side light
頂光top light
眩光glaze
方位角azimuth
輻射radiation
對流convection
傳導conduction
遮陽sun-shade
保溫thermal insulation
恒溫constant temperature
恒濕constant humidity
噪音noise
隔音sound-proof
吸音sound absorption
露點dew point
隔汽vapor-proof

name of professional role 職務名稱
項目經(jīng)理project manager (pm)
設計經(jīng)理design manager
首席建筑師principal architect
總工程師chief engineer
土木工程師civil engineer
工藝工程師process engineer
電氣工程師electrical engineer
機械工程師mechanical engineer
計劃工程師planning engineer
助理工程師assistant engineer
實習生probationer
專家specialist, expert
制圖員draftsman
技術員technician

drafting 制圖
總說明general specification
工程說明project specification
采用標準規(guī)范目錄list of standards and specification adopted
圖紙目錄list of drawings
平面圖plan
局部放大圖detail with enlarged scale
．．．平面示意圖schematic plan of...
．．．平剖面圖sectional plan of...
留孔平面圖plan of provision of holes
剖面section
縱剖面longitudinal section
橫剖面cross (transverse) section
立面elevation
正立面front elevation
透視圖perspective drawing
側(cè)立面side elevation
背立面back elevation
詳圖detail drawings
典型節(jié)點typical detail
節(jié)點號detail no.
首頁front page
圖紙目錄及說明list of contents and description
圖例legend
示意圖diagram
草圖sketch
荷載簡圖load diagram
流程示意圖flow diagram
標準圖standard drawing
．．．布置圖layout of ...
地形圖topographical map
土方工程圖earth-work drawing
展開圖developed drawing
模板圖formwork drawing
配筋arrangement of reinforcement
表格tables
工程進度表working schedule
技術經(jīng)濟指標technical and economical index
建、構(gòu)筑物一覽表list of buildings and structures
編號coding
序列號serial no.
行和欄rows and columns
備注remarks
等級grade
直線straight line
曲線curves
曲折線zigzag line
虛線dotted line
實線solid line
影線hatching line
點劃線dot and dash line
軸線axis
等高線contour line
中心線center line
雙曲線hyperbola
拋物線parabola
切線tangent line
尺寸線dimension line
園形round
環(huán)形annular
方形square
矩形rectangle
平行四邊形parallelogram
三角形triangle
五角形pentagon
六角形hexagon
八角形octagon
梯形trapezoid
圓圈circle
弓形sagment
扇形sector
球形的spherical
拋物面paraboloid
圓錐形cone
橢圓形ellipse, oblong
面積area
體積volume
容量capacity
重量weight
質(zhì)量mass
力force
米meter
厘米centimeter
毫米millimeter
公頃hectate
牛頓/平方米newton/square meter
千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter
英尺foot
英寸inch
磅pound
噸ton
加侖gallon
千磅kip
平均尺寸average dimension
變尺寸variable dimension
外形尺寸overall dimension
展開尺寸developed dimension
內(nèi)徑inside diameter
外徑outside diameter
凈重net weight
毛重gross weight
數(shù)量quantity
百分比percentage
凈空clearance
凈高headroom
凈距clear distance
凈跨clear span
截面尺寸sectional dimension
開間bay
進深depth
單跨single span
雙跨double span
多跨multi-span
標高elevation, level
絕對標高absolute elevation
設計標高designed elevation
室外地面標高ground elevation
室內(nèi)地面標高floor elevation
柱網(wǎng)column grid
坐標coordinate
廠區(qū)占地site area
使用面積usable area
輔助面積service area
通道面積passage area
管架pipe rack
管廊pipeline gallery
架空管線overhead pipeline
排水溝drain ditch
集水坑sump pit
噴泉fountain
地漏floor drain
消火栓fire hydrant
滅火器fire extinguisher
二氧化碳滅火器carbon dioxide extinguisher
鹵代烷滅火器halon extinguisher

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